We are introducing A to Z Professional Courses

AERONAUTICAL ENGINEERING 

Aeronautical Engineering plays an important role in designing, manufacturing and testing of aero planes. Aeronautical Engineering is hundred percent technical course and needs more attention than other traditional courses. 

The Pilot and Aeronautical Engineer are the two wings of a plane. Due to economic liberalizations, private sector participation has been increased in aviation sector. Number of private agencies are operating domestic and international services. Hence, the demand of aero planes increased both in the country and abroad simultaneously. More aeronautical engineers are wanting for private and government agencies. 

ABOUT COURSE:

Aeronautical Engineering is a tough and complex subject. To prepare a design or to make a aero plane is a prolonged process and it has so many months even years also. So aeronautical engineer have very much patience. His job is more challenging and responsible. 

ELIGIBILITY:

Some major institutions are offering this course. In this course there are under-graduate and graduate courses that passed 10+2 or intermediate with Mathematics, Physics and Chemistry. I I Ts are conducting Joint Entrance Test (JEE) for the course in the month of May every year. These institutions offers under-graduate engineering courses in B. E. Aeronautics. I I Ts offers P. G., M.Tech. and Ph. D. programmes in these course. Madras    I I T offers three years P G programme in Aeronautical Engineering. 

There is also an alternative way to get aeronautical engineering degree. Aeronautical Society of India recognized by Ministry of Education, conducts membership examination for this course. One can become aeronautic engineer by successfully completing this membership. This course is equivalent to B. Tech (Aeronautical Engineering). This membership exam has three parts i.e. student examination, Section-A, and Section-B. X-class students are also eligible for this course. All major institutions in India and abroad are members of the society. So there are tremendous chances for practical training. 

OPPORTUNITIES:

All major companies in India and abroad are waiting for Aeronautical Engineers. Hence, there is much demand for them. There are many opportunities for Aeronautical Engineers in Air Craft, Aero Space Industries. There is also scope for research in this field. These people also get jobs in Indian Government Institutions like D R D O, H A L, N A L etc. 

Some of the major institutions offers these course in our country.

++        I I Ts in Madras, Bombay, Kanpur, Kharagpur.

++        Punjab Engineering College in Chandigarh.

++        Aeronautical Society of India, New Delhi.

 

Acting 

Acting is a profession that calls out to a person. Stories of the hardships and struggles an acting career entails can never dampen the enthusiasm of the true actor. Acting is not just an intensely competitive field; it is the profession in which the demand is really insignificant in proportion to the supply. Luck of all kinds plays a major role in establishing a person in this profession. 

Eligibility: 

Outstanding acting talent with a ‘stage’ personality is a natural pre-requisite. Other important attributes are good health, an iron constitution, innate grace, coordinated movements with a good sense of rhythm preferably an aptitude for dancing and singing, a good, well-modulated voice with proper diction and intonation.

Courses:

Complete exposure, training and education in acting are possible through degree/diploma courses in drama/acting available in the country in many important universities and institutes. Educational requirements for entry into these acting/drama courses could be after passing matriculation (Class 10) or successful completion of plus two or equivalent level of education or even graduation, in some cases (such as the National School of drama). A good command over language is essential. 

Full time acting/drama courses normally last two to three years. Admission through audition, interview and aptitude testing. Previous participation in drama productions at the school/college level and / or with amateur organized groups is a prerequisite / preferred 

The entrance test may include a written component to assess the applicant’s knowledge and awareness of the world of theatre, films, television, as well as his/her power of expression in a language. The practical component of the aptitude test could include an oral analysis of plays provided, enactment of dramatic passages, display of skill in dancing, singing, playing of instruments, yoga, etc. 

During the course students are trained in voice production, diction, movement, mime, verse speaking, play analysis and play construction techniques for the various media, acting, stagecraft, light designing and set designing. Students are trained in the art of makeup and learn about different types of drama and acting techniques. A full-time course should provide a good blend of theory and practical training.

Institutions

·               National school of drama, bahawalpur house, Bhagwandas Road, New Delhi-110001.

·              ImagoActing School, Sudhan Bhavan Firstfloor, 37 Saidulajab Village, Opp CISf Camp, Saket, Mehrauli-Badarpur Road, New Delhi-110030.

·               Ashok Kumar Academy, 47 Union Park, Chembur, Mumbai-400071. 

Prospects 

Prospects are not very bright except for the exceptionally talented and lucky few. The sudden invasion of the satellite television network, however, has widened opportunities significantly. Our film industry is also a very big one. Recently there has been a noticeable revival of interest in theatre too. 

Many of our talented actors/actress who could or cold not become big names have diversified from acting to doing compering for show, contests, awards ceremonies, anchoring and hosting television shows and film-oriented entertainment programes as well as anchoring even educational programes and have been highly successful and popular.  

Advertising 

Advertising aims to turn the good opinion of a target prospect towards a specific product such as television, shaving cream, detergent, or service such as airline, banking, or a film, may be even a political party. In the absence of competition this task would be very easy and convenient. In reality this is just not the case. At the very point of time when one advertising agency is trying to capture the attention of its target audience to its product, there are many such agencies trying the same thing with the same audience and a similar product. In advertising, therefore, beating the competition is the ongoing challenge.  

Advertisement is the business of communicating a message to an audience through the media-newspapers, magazines, radio, television, hoardings in public places, etc. not only the corporate sector with its vast range of products and services but the government also requires advertising to convey messages of the right social values, rights and duties, and the different social welfare schemes. Television companies, hotels, shops and industries-all make use of advertisements to reach the masses. Advertising is, thus, one of the processes of mass communication, journalism and public relations being the other two. It forms the basis of marketing. 

Qualifications: 

Some personality traits are essential for all advertising personal whether on the executive or the creative side. A creative visual imagination, good powers of  observation, insight into the interest of people from all works of life, the ability to interact with people, to work as part of a team, a practical temperament, patience and perseverance, and mental and physical toughness to be able to withstand high pressure and criticism. 

Market and media researchers should have an analytical and logical brain.

Visualizers should possess exceptional artistic ability too. Copywriters should be able convey a lot with the minimum of words and so should possess a strong feeling for words. 

Courses: 

Executive department: For jobs on the executive side of an advertising agency diploma/degree holders in mass communication/advertising/social communication are found suitable. These courses are usually of one year or two years, duration and can be taken up only after graduation in any discipline. In these courses students are taught marketing, media planning, graphics, and group campaigns with all other aspects of advertising and public relations. 

¨              MBAs with specialization in marketing also join the executive side. MBA courses can be taken up after graduation. They are usually of two years duration. 

¨              Postgraduates in statistics are suited for market research (quantitative) while postgraduates in sociology and psychology are preferred for qualitative market research. 

¨              Copywriters may be diploma holders in advertising. However, those who have a flair for words and can find the phrase or work which sums up other’s long-winded explanations should approach advertising agencies to appear for copywriting test. 

¨              MBA programes are offered by many universities in the country as well as by the premier institutes like the Indian institutes of Management, Jammalal Bajaj Institute of Management (Mumbai), S.P. Jain Institute of Management & Research, T.A Pai Management Institute ( TAPMI), IISWBM, Kolkata, to name a few. 

Institutions: 

1)                                          Indian Institute of Mass Communication, New Delhi 110067

2)                                          Bharatiya Vidya Bhavan Institutes in Major cities across the center.

 

Air hostess or cabin crew 

The air hostess and flight steward or cabin crew are the first people to welcome passengers aboard an aircraft. They welcome and greet every passenger. They help them to supervise their seating arrangements and help them in arranging their hand baggage in the proper manner. Once all the passengers have come in they set about ensuring the safety belt arrangements and demonstrate the use of emergency equipment. They make the necessary announcements over the public address system. Their duties and responsibilities start much before the arrival of the passengers. Before their arrival, they have to make the necessary arrangements, for the comfort of the passengers by checking that blankets, pillows, magazines, newspapers, etc., are in good order in their proper places. 

Air hostesses and flight stewards have to be on duty throughout the duration of the flight looking after passengers in general and taking special care of air-sick travelers, sick children and babies; and also the elderly or very young who are traveling alone. They provide first aid should the situation arise. They serve meals to passengers and crew and after the meal clear the dishes and check again that all passengers have been served all the items. they work continuously and efficiently during the flight in the confined space of the cabin with good humour.

Depending on the routes they fly, cabin crew may get to do a lot of sightseeing; the longer the route the higher are the chances of sightseeing as crews often change planes at “slip points” or stop-overs. At these times they stay at luxury hotels at the airlines expense. 

Eligibility: 

Common sense, a sense of responsibility, ability to handle crisis, initiative, helpful, friendly nature, physical stamina and the capacity to work with speed and efficiency, systematic approach, attractive appearance, a well modulated pleasant voice, and a proportionate figure with good posture and baring are important traits for cabin crew. 

Course: 

           Airlines recruit cabin crew (air hostesses/flight stewards) on the basis of certain eligibility criteria: 

·             Age: below 25 years

·              Height: Minimum height should be 154.5-157.5 cm (Barefeet) for air hostess and 170-180 cms for flight steward

·              Weight: proportionate to height as per the company’s standards

·              Status (marital): Unmarried

·              Vision: Preferably normal eyesight without glasses; or minimum uncorrected vision (distant) should be 6/24 in each eye.

·            Educational: Graduate degree from a recognized university, or Plus Two /equivalent with 3-year diploma in Hotel       Management and Catering from a recognized instituted.

·              Knowledge of the national language and at least one international language (English, usually) is essential.

·              The application should be physically fit with a pleasing personality and clear complexion. 

After completing the initial screening of applications private airlines company may invitee them for a written examination, usually of the objective type (multiple chose). Those who qualify in the written examination have to appear for a group discussion followed by a personal interview of successful candidates. Knowledge of the national languages (or an Indian language) and English are essential. The national airlines usually invite specialized cadres is through all-India competitive written examinations. The written examinations are followed by interviews of successful candidates by the respective services boards. The recruitment advertisements appear in prominent national dailies as also in Employment News / Rozgar Samachar. 

Prospects: 

Officers in the apex financial institutions may be posted anywhere in India. High remunerations with generous perquisites and residential accommodations with generous perquisites and residential accommodation in prize localities are among the many facilities provided by these organizations. 

Prospects of promotion are bright and after five to seven years of experience these officers are much sought after by foreign banks and various financial companies. 

 

Architecture 

The challenge of architecture is to produce a practical and an artistically pleasing design within a given budget. It is an essential service for all. Architects design and supervise the construction of various types of buildings, keeping in view the primary considerations of stability, utility and beauty.  

Qualifications: 

Good health with good eyesight, keen observation; rational and pragmatic approach, creativity and originality, analytical and mathematic ability, dexterity, ( in drawing and sketching) proficiency in geometrical modeling, keen desire to update knowledge of latest developments in structural techniques and materials, good understanding of legal and financial matters, ability to issue clear instructions and explanations to teammates, clients and contractors, good perception of social and psychological attitudes, and an authoritative personality. 

Course 

The training period of an architect is five years. Architecture is taught through diploma or degree courses in the different colleges/schools of architecture throughout the country. Admission to the architecture courses is on the basis of an admission test to evaluate a candidate’s aptitude in physics, chemistry and mathematics as well proficiency in drawing. The minimum educational qualification to appear for this admission test is successful completion of plus two or equivalent level of education. Selection to the Bachelor of Architecture (B.Arch.) program is based on performance in the admission test, merit at class XII examinations, participation in co curricular activities and interview. Most of the courses prefer applications in the age group of 16-21 years. 

Subjects in the architecture course include history of architecture, practical mathematics, design and construction, town planning, economics, some sociology, environmental science, and professional practice. Computers are an important part of the training in architecture. 

Further specialization in this field can be in industrial design, urban design, landscape architecture, town planning / urban planning, transports planning etc. these courses are open to B. Arch. Degree/diploma holders. 

Institutions: 

·                    Sir. J.J. college of Architecture, Dr. D.N.Road, Fort, Mumbai-400001.

·                    Indian Institute of Technology, Roorkee-247667.

Prospects 

Architects can work in different settings in private practice, in the town planning departments of local authorities (municipalities, corporations, housing boards), in government departments (public works), railways, defense, insurance etc. They can start consultancy of his own also.

 

Beautician 

This profession offers excellent scope for entrepreneurship. Beauticians may practice their skills in skin care, hair care, hair dressing, cosmetology, etc. all at the same time, or specialize in one of these areas. Eventually, they can evolve their own formulations for skin care, hair care, etc. and market them to their clients. 

Earning a good reputation from satisfied clients is very important in this profession. Beauticians may start as employees in a big beauty establishment before deciding to branch out on their own.  

Beauticians give treatment ranging from simple make-up and facial, to massage; skin treatment such as open pores, anti-wrinkle; electric depilation; manicure; pedicure; hair styling, perming, colouring, treatment of hair problems. They also advise clients on the use of the right type of cosmetics suited to specific skin types and complexions, weather conditions, etc. and can help them to select the right hair style for their hair texture and lifestyle. Beauticians can help customers to decide on the right type of beauty treatment in the long term. 

Beauticians should look fresh and well groomed always even though their work keeps them on their feet the whole day, 

Personality Traits 

Liking for people, good health, stamina, good humor, helpful nature, friendliness, confident manner, tact, persuasive attitude, courtesy, imagination, systematic approach, cool, dry hands, an attractive well-groomed appearance, some artistic ability, dexterity and an unruffled manner help. 

Courses 

Polytechnics conduct diploma courses in beauty culture and hair dressing for students who have completed plus two or equivalent examinations successfully. These courses vary in duration from six months to two months. The longer duration courses are more comprehensive.

Established beauticians of national and international repute also conduct training programs which are well recognized in the profession. 

Fluency in English is a basic requirement for all these programs. To succeed, a beautician should be able to speak well. Knowledge of the local language is also helpful. A foreign language is a great help in the bigger establishments attached to luxury hotels. Knowledge of elementary science is an asset. 

The courses are divided between theory (anatomy, physiology, hygiene, and some chemistry, nature of hair, hair dressing, salon organization, and electrical treatment) and the practical work of giving facials, make-up, different types of massage, tinting and bleaching of hair, etc. The best professional training in this field is available in the metropolitan and major cities in the country. After initial training many interested individuals go abroad for further training. 

Institutions 

·                    Polytechnic for Women, A-3, South Extension-1, Ring Road, New Delhi-110049.

·                    Akbar Peerbhoy Girls Polytechnic, 92, Dr. D.N. Road, Fort, Mumbai-400001.

·                    Many regional vocational training institutes also offer similar courses.        [Listing  is indicative, not exhaustive]. 

Prospectus 

The beauty business is growing in volume at a very fast pace. While many beauty specialists start off with a big establishment before branching out, many prefer to start off on their own and build their own clientele 

Knowledge of equipment and techniques has to be updated on an ongoing basis. Formulation of specialized beauty products, treatment packages, their manufacture and marketing have become important extensions of the beautician's profession in which some have been noticeably successful. 

The profession is open to men and women alike. Although small, the segment of grooming specialists for men is growing very fast. 

Good grooming being an essential aspect of an attractive personality, beauty/grooming specialists today constitute a much sought after breed of professionals. Beauticians command very high fees for their specialized professional services and continue to be fully booked up. Smaller towns are today proud of their own beauty salons as well.

 

Biotechnology 

Biotechnology finds application, in the pharmaceutical industry, chemical industry and agriculture. The use and application of biotechnology span a wide range of activities from developing new varieties of seeds to improving livestock breeds, from creating neem-based pesticides to high-yielding tomato seeds, from little fish that clean up distillery effluents and earthworms that eat away at sewage to industrial enzymes that hasten the production processes. Biotechnology finds application in the textile industry too such as when the stone-wash effect in jeans is produced by using enzymes, whereas in the food processing industry enzymes are used for tenderizing meat and for improving the extraction of juice from fruits by rupturing cell walls. 

The nature of work in the field of biotechnology is essentially scientific and research-oriented whether in research establishments run by government funds or in the R&D cells of the corporate sector. 

Eligibility 

Well above average intelligence, ability to concentrate for long hours, an inquiring mind, imagination, capacity for original thought, perseverance, interest in acquiring knowledge beyond immediate requirement, organizing ability, ability for team work, methodical, practical approach to scientific problems, resourcefulness, and ability and willingness to get to the bottom of a problem. 

Training 

Specialized training in biotechnology may commence after successfully completing plus two or equivalent examinations (in the science stream - physics, chemistry, mathematics, biology) only at some of the Indian Institutes of Technology, at Anna University, Chennai, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore and a few other institutions in the country. These are typically 4-year B. E. / B. Tech. courses. Admission is through an engineering entrance test. 

Admission to IIT programs is based on performance of the candidates in the Joint Entrance Examination (JEE) organised by all HTs. In this examination candidates' knowledge of physics, chemistry and mathematics of the level of plus two or equivalent is evaluated. 

In the general way the study of biotechnology in the universities is taken up after completion of graduation, although many universities have also started offering biotechnology as a subject during the B.Sc. program. Eligibility for joining the master's degree biotechnology programs in the universities is a graduate degree in the biological/physical/agricultural/veterinary science or in engineering/medicine or forestry/ fisheries, with aggregates of at least 55 per cent in the qualifying examination. Generally admission to the postgraduate courses in biotechnology also requires getting selected in an entrance examination.

Institutions 

Combined Biotechnology Entrance Examination is conducted by JTNU for admission to postgraduate program in Biotechnology. 

·                    University of Allahabad, Allahabad-211002

·                    Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi-221005

·                    University of Hyderabad, P O Central University, Hyderabad-500046

·                    Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi-110067 

Prospects 

Post graduates and PhD’s can get jobs in pharmaceutical companies, in the chemical, agriculture and allied industries. They can get placements in government and private research laboratories also. They offer the best remuneration packages. The biotech business is growing at an accelerated rate. So prospects of a career in this field are expectedly brightly.

 

Company Secretary 

A Company Secretary's role starts from the very moment when the idea of formation of a Company is conceived. Although the responsibilities of a Company Secretary (CS) may vary from company to company the knowledge and training acquired by company secretaries make them versatile to carry out various functions in Finance, Accounts, Legal Administration and Personnel areas in addition to their own secretarial duties and responsibilities. A Company Secretary is recognized as one of the principal officers of the company by various enactments. Company secretaries, thus occupy a pivotal and versatile position in companies. Companies having a paid up share capital of above      Rs. 50 lakhs or more are statutorily required to appoint a whole-time CS.

Qualifications

Administrative ability, common sense and good judgement, legal aptitude, numerical ability, tact, discretion, interest in current affairs', brevity and clarity in expression, confidential and assured manner and being systematic are useful traits for an aspiring company secretary. 

Course & Training 

Professional studies towards becoming a company secretary can commence right after completion of the plus two level of education through the foundation course. [Admission is open throughout the year by making an application in the prescribed Form FC-1 together with documentary evidence in support of date of birth and educational qualification]. The duration of the Foundation course is 8 months, excluding the months of admission and the examination. The Foundation course covers these subjects: English and Business Communication (FCEBC); Basic Economics and Business Environment (FCBE-(BE); Financial Accounting (FCFA); Elements of Business Laws and Management (FCEBLM) and Information Systems and Quantitative Techniques (FC1SQT). Foundation course students are required to pass the Foundation examination within 3 years from the date of their admission. Candidates who have passed the Foundation examination or are eligible for exemption there from and are not less than 17 years of age may seek registration as a student for the Intermediate course. 

Graduates in any discipline excluding Fine Arts; those who hold a degree or master's degree in Corporate Secretarship or Commerce; those who have a pass in the Final examination of the Institute of Cost and Works Accountants of India (ICWAI) or the Institute of Chartered Accountants of India. (ICAI) or any other Accountancy Institution in India or abroad recognized as equivalent thereto by the Council may also enroll themselves in the Company Secretarship Intermediate Course. 

A candidate, who has passed the Foundation Course or is exempted there from, is accepted for registration for Intermediate course. A registered student is required to complete the Intermediate and the Final examination within the registration period. 

Candidates for the Foundation, Intermediate and Final Examinations are required to undergo compulsory postal tuition imparted by the Institute and are allowed to appear in the examination only on successful completion thereof. Under the compulsory coaching scheme, the students are provided with complete study material and test papers for various subjects. 

The CS course is complete after students have undergone 16 months practical and modular training in order to apprise the students with the functioning of the Corporate Sector and to create a cadre of professional Company Secretaries having a sound theoretical base and practical exposure to serve trade and industry effectively, both as a part of the management team as well as independent practicing professionals. 

After qualifying in the Final examination and undergoing practical training, a CS is eligible to be admitted as an Associate Member and can use the letters "ACS" after his/her name to indicate that he/she is an Associate. 

The Institute of Chartered Secretaries and Administrators (ICSA), with its headquarters and U.K. Divisional Office at 16, Park Crescent, London, has taken up the implementation of the process of registration of ICSI members for the ICSA examinations. 

Institutions 

·                The Institute of Company Secretaries of India, 'ICSI House', 22 Institutional Area, Lodi Road, New Dclhi-110003.

·             Western India Regional Office of the ICSI, No. 13, Jolly Maker Chambers, No. II (1st Floor), Nariman Point, Mumbai-  400021.

·               Southern India Regional Office of the ICSI, New No, 9 (Old No. 4), Wheatcrofts Road, Nungambakkam, Chennai-600034. 

Placements 

Qualified company secretaries can find well-paid positions in the private sector and public corporate sector, banks and financial institutions, stock exchanges, company law boards, government departments. They can start private consultancy for their own.  

 

Dietician 

A dietician applies the scientific principles of nutrition to the preparation of different kinds of food for people enjoying good health and for those suffering from disease. Cookery is only a small part of dietetics. In a hospital, dieticians are responsible for providing therapeutic diets to patients, especially for those for whom the diet is also a special part of the treatment. Dieticians may also be put in charge of all the food services in a hospital as dietician-catering officers. 

In the processed food industry a dietician works on the development and improvement of food products and production methods.  

Dieticians may be in charge of catering in organizations of different types such as residential schools, offices and so on.  

Health foods being the current craze, dieticians can work on different varieties of daily meals, tasty snacks that are also nutritious. They can set up their own health food store or run catering services. The top hotels prefer to employ a dietician to plan out menus for different types of guests and also to supervise the food production process. 

Eligibility 

Interest in sound diet, an aptitude for science, organizing ability, ability for teamwork, patience, a sense of responsibility, understanding of people of all ages, backgrounds, temperaments and tastes, basic idea of the diet pattern prevailing in different parts of the country among a cross-section of society and the ability to express oneself lucidly would be important for aspiring dieticians. 

Courses 

With a few exceptions, dietetics is studied only after a bachelor's degree in any one of the following disciplines: home science, medicine, science (with chemistry, microbiology), hotel management and catering. Some universities offer postgraduate diploma courses in dietetics. Subjects taught in dietetics include chemistry, physics, nutrition and physiology. 

Dietetics may be taken up as a specialization in home science at the Master's degree level in many universities in the country. Delhi University, University of Mumbai/Madras also offer nutrition/health and nutrition as subjects at the bachelor's degree level. 

Institutions 

     Post-graduate diploma course in Dietetics at: 

·                    SNDT Women's University, Mumbai Faculty of Home

·                    Science, Juhu Campus, Sir Vithaldas Vidyavihar, Juhu Road, Santa Cruz (W), Mumbai-400054

·                    Sri Ramchandra Medical College and Research Institute, Porur, Chennai-600116 

Placements/Prospects 

Dieticians find jobs in hotels, hospitals, in the processed food industry, and in teaching. The prospects are good in all the fields except in teaching where opening are comparatively restricted.

The most lucrative prospects are in the field of private enterprise keeping in view the present trend for health food. Residential schools, railways, and airlines also employ dieticians to run and/or supervise their catering services and look after their nutritional needs. Openings for the trained dietician today are varied and the future looks even brighter.

 

Fashion 

Fashion consciousness is at its height now. The market, the print and the electronic media are all devoting a great deal of attention and lots of money to the fashion industry and fashion events. The industry has great potential for growth, development and export. 

The world of fashion offers a variety of careers to choose from. Designing is one major career option with various specializations to choose from.  

Fashion communication is as much as specialized profession as the other aspects of fashion. It encompasses areas such as visual merchandising, styling, graphic design, display and exhibit design, advertising and public relations, and creative writing, specific to the fashion and lifestyle industry.  

Fashion designers know how to design garments and are aware of all the processes which go into the assembling of a garment. They have to visualize the design and style of a garment keeping in mind the material to be used, the occasion when it will be worn, the technique of its construction and the scale in which it is to be produced. Not all designers create original models or launch a new line which shakes the fashion world. Most of them spend their time and talent in translating famous couturiers' original ideas and adapting old styles to suit the latest year's mood so as to produce clothes which can be more commonly worn and more easily manufactured. 

The designer's job always involves a variety of tasks but it varies enormously according to the size, type of the employing organization/firm. Few designers spend much time actually creating and sketching brand new ideas, styles and trends. The majority specialize in designs which are an amalgamation and 

Courses/Training 

Professional training in fashion helps to develop one's ability and channelise creativity. Almost all the polytechnics (government or private), especially those for women, offer courses in fashion designing or dress designing or costume designing. Many of them may offer accessory design courses. Most of these courses are open to students after completion of the plus two or equivalent level of education. Admission to these courses is usually on the basis of an aptitude test evaluating flair for designing and sketching, sense of perspective in two and three-dimensional space, aesthetic sensitivity and skill in visualization. 

Some polytechnics also offer courses on garment merchandising and marketing for which drawing skills are not important but numerical ability and analytical reasoning skills are relevant. 

The National Institute of Fashion Technology (NIFT) has been set up as an autonomous body under the Ministry of Textiles, Government of India at Hauz Khas, New Delhi. NIFT is the premier educational institute in the country imparting professional training to men and women aspiring for a career in different areas of the fashion industry. It offers 4-year undergraduate programs in Design with scope for specialization in Fashion & Apparel, Fashion & Textile, Fashion & Lifestyle Accessories, Fashion Communication and 4-year undergraduate programs in Fashion Technology. At the higher level are the 2-year Post Graduate Programs in Fashion Management and Fashion Technology. 

Separate examinations are conducted for admission to different programs. The entrance tests for the fashion/ accessory design courses are administered with a view to assessing the aptitude, ability, motivation, skill and maturity of the candidate. The tests evaluate the candidate's proficiency in the English language, numerical ability and reasoning skills. Part of the admission test relates to the evaluation of the creative ability of the candidate through drawings and sketches on different themes, or of certain objects from different perspectives, colour sensitivity, etc. 

The complete selection process at NIFT includes Situation Test, Thematic Apperception Test, Group Discussion and Interview following the written test. The idea is to assess the personality of the candidate, his/her motivation and interest in the world of fashion, perceptions of the fashion scene, etc. Candidates may take along a portfolio of sketches/designs to demonstrate ability and interest in designing. 

The fashion design curriculum covers all the processes of design from inspiration to the final product. Students learn all about pattern making, garment construction, grading and draping, fashion art, history of costumes and textiles, and apparel fabric and textile science. They are also taught presentation techniques, preparation of portfolios as an aspect of creative marketing and how to organize fashion shows. 

The accessory design students learn about preparation of portfolio and presentation techniques, coordination and export marketing in addition to design methodology, materials and production processes. Once students complete the course they may design, coordinate shows, organize displays and marketing for different types of markets. 

Some Industrial Training Institutes (FTIs), vocational training institutes under Directorate of Vocational Education & Training run by the government and private vocational institutes also offer courses for training in fashion. An ideal training institute should have good connections with industry so that students may gain practical experience along with theoretical training. It must offer an updated curriculum and adequate infrastructure and regular industry interaction. 

The faculty should have recent industrial experience. 

Institutions 

Placements/Prospects 

Increasingly India has entered the field of haute couture on the international scene and Indian designers are getting to display their creations in international stores. Indian fashion designers are being approached by global chains to create separate lines of clothing and accessories. The garment export industry and the fashion outlets in the country are thriving. Designer wear has come to stay and the demand is growing. There is a thriving market not just for haute couture but also perfect, sports wear, leisure wear and the ready-to-wear segment of the industry. 

Fashion professionals are either working on their own or they are attached to fashion houses or garment export units, to the film industry, to theatre or to electronic media. Many textile units in the country have launched their own fashion lines and this has created many more jobs. The fashion industry is at a stage when there are jobs coming up on a regular basis. There is an ongoing demand for trained professionals but competition for the jobs is fierce with innumerable aspirants for each job. 

Flair is an important quality for professionals in the fashion industry, whether it is in the discipline of design or in marketing, fashion forecasting, organizing and staging of shows, fashion coordination, communication or management.

 

Foreign Languages

 Learning foreign languages may be one way of giving full rein to a flair for languages or it may lead to the rendering of certain specialized services which are highly challenging and remunerative. Those who know foreign languages can utilize their skills in several ways: in teaching, interpreting, translating, tourism and in areas such as mass communication or customer relationship management, Linguists can easily take up teaching as a career. They can teach in schools, colleges/universities or in institutions which impart training in one or more foreign languages. Teaching offers a lot of scope for innovation and experimenting with different techniques depending on the type of students

Translators are employed by government organizations which have to deal with foreign government or agencies in the discharge of their functions. Their employment may be contractual or temporary in nature. 

Industrial and commercial organizations, research institutions and other organizations may require translators to handle correspondence with foreign parties, to finalize contracts and deals. The best and most lucrative prospect for translators is to set up an agency with a group of linguists and handle translating assignments in a variety of languages and subjects. Freelancers may be attached to such agencies. Prospects are good for such agencies and for freelancers in the commercial centers of the country. Remunerations depend on the level of difficulty, intricacy, urgency and specializations required for the translating assignment. 

Interpreting 

Knowledge of foreign languages may offer opportunities for interpreting. Interpreting requires a high degree of fluency and special skills to handle conversations and discussions spontaneously without hesitation so as not to interrupt the flow.  

Interpreting has to be both simultaneous and consecutive, that is, interpreters have to transmit the meaning of a phrase in near-perfect style almost instantaneously, and automatically; consecutive interpreting is only slightly less difficult. The technique of interpreting can be perfected only if the inborn gift is there. 

Freelancing is also a good option for interpreters and the prospects are best in the metropolitan cities for those who have good professional contacts and credibility. 

Skill in foreign languages is an asset for professionals in the field of mass communication. Foreign correspondents for the print and electronic media can be most effective if they are proficient in the language of the country where they are reporting from.  

Qualifications 

Flair for languages, interest in people and an agile mind are basic traits for a career in foreign languages. Awareness of social and cultural backgrounds of foreign countries helps in the appreciation of the nuances of foreign languages for effectiveness in all types of work. 

Translators have to be meticulous and should be able to concentrate for long periods. They should also be able to get along with people especially for assignments of a technical nature. 

Interpreters at international conferences need physical stamina, a cool temperament and should preferably equip themselves with the background of the assignment they are to cover. 

Teaching languages requires proficiency, patience and the ability to communicate with different age groups.

Courses 

Most of the prominent universities in the country conduct diploma, degree or certificate courses in many foreign languages, mostly the degree courses are open to graduates in any discipline. The duration of the courses also varies with a minimum period of six months allocated to the certificate courses.  

There are many foreign language training institutes which offer specialized training in a particular language at different levels. For example, German language is taught at the Max Mueller Bhavans in various cities in the country. French language classes are organized by the Alliance Francaise centres in India. Italian language classes are held by the Italian Consulate/Embassy/Cultural Centre in India. Similarly, you may find the Russian cultural centre offering Russian language classes. 

Those who have acquired the graduate level of proficiency in foreign languages may go in for the master’s program’s at selected universities. The CIEFL (Central Institute of English and Foreign Languages) at Hyderabad conducts MA (correspondence-cum-attendance) courses in various foreign languages. 

JNU (Jawaharlal Nehru University) School of Languages, Now Delhi offers a five-year integrated MA program In foreign languages after plus two. Admission is on the basis of an entrance test of the objective type. The areas of knowledge tested are proficiency in English and overall general awareness. Students could leave after completing the three-year BA (Hons.) program in foreign languages or automatically become eligible for the two-year MA program. 

The Indian Institute of Tourism and Travel Management, and Indian Institute of Foreign Trade, New Delhi are also known to offer foreign language courses. 

Institutions 

·                    Central Institute of English and Foreign Languages, Hyderabad-500007

·                    University of Delhi, Department of Germanic and Romance Studies 

 

Gemmology and Jewelry Design 

Gemmology is the science dealing with the study of gemstones. Gemmologists identify gemstones, sort them out, grade them and can advise on the various properties regarding suitability of particular stones for setting in different metals. Their work is essentially scientific and technical and requires great skill. 

Jewelry designers use their artistic ability to create new designs for various types of clients and markets. They may also design the jewelry according to specifications of individual customers. They either work on their own or freelance. Permanent employment may be with big export or designer houses or in small exclusive set-ups. 

Gemmologists and jewelry designers with relevant qualification and experience may also be involved in teaching and training. 

Eligibility 

Gemmologists need good powers of observation, attention to detail, precision, ability to concentrate, objective approach, ability to take responsibility and ability to work on their own.  

In addition to the aforementioned traits, jewelry designers require artistic creativity, imagination, aesthetic sense, colour sensitivity, interest in, and awareness of, new ideas, understanding and appreciation of prevalent tastes, customs, traditions, and trends in various strata of society and in the different parts of the country and the world, the ability to communicate ideas to clients /customers and artisans/ workers equally well, the ability to take criticism and willingness to lower one's artistic standards occasionally in the interests of economic necessity or technical workmanship.

Courses 

The main objective of the courses in gemmology is to impart the lotost technical know-how with respect to gem cutting, sorting, grading, valuation and identification of gemstones- These courses, which are usually of short duration of three to eight months, provide up-to-date knowledge of scientific developments in the field to students who can become skilled artisans. The basic educational qualification required to join such courses is a pass in the Secondary School Examination.

Jewelry design courses teach the rudiments of designing, different stone settings, various kinds of finish to be given to jewelry, techniques of fabrication, etc. The students are trained to design on paper giving complete details of size and weight of stones, the size of the final product, the weight in metal, etc.

Institutes

·             Gemmological Institute of India, 29, Gurukul Chambers, 187-1S9 Mumbadevi Road, Mumbai-400002.

·              Indian Institute of Gems & Jewelry, Bagmal Laxmichand Farikh Campus, MIDC, Andheri E, Mumbai-400069  

a.                 Advance Course in Jewelry Design-30 sessions after HSC/12"1 and completion of basic design course from a   reputed institution.

b.                  Introduction to Basic jewelry Making-80 sessions after SSC/10lh

c.                   Introduction to Gemmology-75 sessions after HSC/12th

d.                  Computer Aided Jewelry Design & Manufacturing-60 sessions after SSC/10th

·              Department of Geology, St. Xavier's College, Mumbai-400001 Diploma in Gemmology, jewelry designing and diamond grading

·            Jasani Department of Jewelry Design & Manufacture, 3rd floor P.V. Polytechnic, S.N.D.T. Women's University, Juhu Campus, Santa Cruz W, Mumbai-400049 Diploma in Jewelry Design and Manufacture

·                Indian Diamond Institute, Katargam, GIDC, Sumul Dairy Road, Surat- 395008  

Prospects

Government has realized the vast potential for growth in gem and jewelry exports. The gem and jewelry industry is totally employment-oriented and there are openings for various categories of jobs. Jewelers' firms offer both artisan's jobs as well as designer's. 

Establishing a jewelry shop is possible for those with adequate capital. Jewelry designers may decide to freelance for both Indian and global markets.  

India’s gems and jewelry exports are slated to touch $10 billion in 2003 after scaling a new high of $ 9 billion already. India is the largest processor of diamonds in the world and almost 95% of Argyle diamonds are processed in India. 

World retail majors like Wal-Mart, Scars and Ratners have started sourcing part of their jewelry requirements from Indian manufacturers. The domestic potential to export jewelry has not been fully realized as the jewelers in the small and medium sector find it difficult to export and access international markets. Newly emerging markets like Latin America and Africa hold good promise for the domestic jewelry exporters.